Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), and preliminarily explore the role of an improved post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) based conditioning regimen in PNH patients receiving transplantation.@*METHODS@#Clinical related data of PNH sufferers receiving allo-HSCT in Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were collected, and hematopoietic reconstitution, chimerism, PNH cloning, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infection, and survival were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Totally five PNH patients receiving allo-HSCT were enrolled, including 1 case with classic PNH, 3 cases with aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome, 1 case with myelodysplastic syndrome, three of them (case 1-3) received the improved PTCy based conditioning regimen before HSCT. All sufferers engrafted successfully within 28 days, the median time of neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 11 days and 12 days, respectively, no patient occurred acute or chronic GVHD, after a median follow-up of 16 months, all recipients survived and completely eliminated PNH cloning.@*CONCLUSION@#Allo-HSCT can completely clear PNH cloning and restore hematopoietic function with controllable complications, and the improved PTCy based conditioning regimen is proved to be effective in PNH transplantation.

Clinical effects comparison of different kinds of repair operation in treatment of patients with PCSD / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of repair operation by hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy and transvaginal on menstruation time, intrauterine pregnancy rate and recurrence rate of patients with PCSD. Methods 100 patients with PCSD were chosen from January 2014 to January 2016 and divided into A group (50 patients) with repair operation by hysteroscopy and laparoscopy and B group (50 patients) with repair operation by transvaginal; the operation time, the intraoperative blood loss, the vaginal bleeding time after operation, the anal exsufflation for first time, the hospital stay, the menstruation recovery effect, the width and depth of uterine diverticulum before and after treatment, intrauterine pregnancy rate and recurrence rate with follow-up of both groups were compared. Results The operation time of B group were significantly better than A group (P < 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, vaginal bleeding time after operation and hospital staying time of A group were significantly better than that in B group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the anal exsufflation for first time between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the menstruation recovery effect between the two groups (P > 0.05). The width and depth of uterine diverticulum after treatment of both groups were significantly better than that before treatment (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the width and depth of uterine diverticulum after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the intrauterine pregnancy rate and recurrence rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Repair operation by hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy and transvaginal in the treatment of patients with PCSD possess the same clinical effects; repair operation by hysteroscopy and laparoscopy can efficiently reduce the trauma degree in operation and shorten the vaginal bleeding time after operation and hospital staying time, and repair operation by transvaginal possess the advantage including more simply operation and lower operation difficulty.

Ginsenoside Rg1 antagonizes β-amyloid peptide-induced apoptosis in primarily cultured rat neurons via mitochondrial pathway / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against β-amyloid peptide (Aβ(25-35))-induced apoptosis in primarily cultured rat cortical neurons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primarily cultured cortical neurons were obtained from embryonic (E18d) rat fetus and maintained in neurobasal medium for 7d. Primary neurons pretreated with 1 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L or 20 μmol/L Rg1 for 24 h were challenged with 10 μmol/L Aβ(25-35) for 72 h. Morphological changes of neurons were evaluated; mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured; with JC-1 staining and the expression of neural apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Exposure to Aβ(25-35) for 72 h caused serious neural cell insults. A pretreatment with Rg1 significantly reduced Aβ(25-35)induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal effect (-90%) obtained at 20 μmol/L. The JC-1 staining results demonstrated the loss of ΔΨm after Aβ(25-35) treatment, while Rg1 maintained the normal level of ΔΨm. A series of mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic events happened after Aβ(25-35) treatment, such as decrease of Bcl-2/Bax, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, which were all blocked by Rg1 pretreatment. Both estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI182, 780 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486 blocked the antiapoptotic effects of Rg1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ginsenoside Rg1 protects primary cultured rat cortical neurons from Aβ(25-35)-induced injury, which may be associated with mitochondrion-mediated antiapoptosis pathway.</p>

Burden and related factors among care-takers of patients with Parkinson's disease / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the impact on caretaker who looked after patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) and to identify the main factors related to their burden.Methods 115 consecutive pairs of PD patients and their caretakers were included.Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) was used to assess the burden of PD on the caretakers.Patients were evaluated by neurologists using the United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS),the Hoehn and Yahr Scale(H-Y Scale),the Activity of Daily Liring Scale(ADL),the Parkinson's Disease Quesnonnaire(PDQ-39),the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and the Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE).Multiple linear stepwise regression models were fired to ascertain the factors linked to the CBI.Results Based on multiple linear stepwise regression analysis,ADL(β=-0.813,t=-6.265,P=0.000)and PDQ-39(β=0.285,t=4.256,P=0.000)of patients and the age ofcaretakers(β=0.327,t=3.107,P=0.002)proved to be the main predictors of CBI.Conclusion Many factors might comprehensively affct the burden of PD on caretakers of the patients.Attention needs to be given to the early identification of factors that generating stress on 1iveretakers in order to improve their quality of life.

Transcription of cytoskeleton protein genes in differentiation of neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells induced by small molecules / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the transcription of cytoskeleton protein genes in differentiation of neurons from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and to explore the possibility of setting up a method to screen small molecules with promoting or inhibiting effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hanging drop method was employed for embryonic body formation to mimic embryo development in vivo. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to investigate mRNA expression of the neuron-specific cytoskeleton proteins including Mtap2, Nefm and beta-tubulin III which were regarded as the inducing effect indexes of RA. Morphological evaluation and immunocytochemistry staining were conducted to identify the neural derivatives. Moreover, the inducing effects of six synthetic molecules were further evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>RA up-regulated the mRNA expression of Mtap2 and Nefm, especially Mtap2 increased by 1.27 times, which was consistent with the morphological alteration. However, there was no significant changes of beta-tubulin III expression. With addition of the six synthetic molecules, the transcription of Mtap2 was inhibited, while the Nefm mRNA expression was up-regulated in some degree, especially for molecule 1 and 3 that was increased by 1.4 and 1.2 times, which, however, was not parallel to the morphological changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transcriptional levels of Mtap2 and Nefm are both up-regulated in the RA-induced differentiation of ES cells towards neurons. The up-regulation of Mtap2 is consistent with the morphological alteration, which might be the key landmark in the RA-induced differentiation of ES cells into neurons.</p>

Study on mechanism of sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease / 上海第二医科大学学报

Sleep disorders are commonly occurred among patients with Parkinson's disease,such as difficulties in the initiation of sleep,fragmented sleep,sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness.The mechanism of sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease is not clear,which may be associated with the injury of brain stem,nuclei of median raphe,nuclei fasciculi solitarii,thalamencephalon and the changes of neurotransmitters as dopamine,hypocretin(orexin) and melatonin.This article gives an overview of the mechanism of sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease.